Scientific References
Updated 11/7/21
See also
Compendiums and Reviews on Radiofrequency Radiation and Exposures – Human, Children, Occupational, Environmental
Reviews on Human Health
- BioInitiative Report (2007-2021). https://bioinitiative.org
- Radiation risks from everyday devices assessed.European Environmental Agency advises the precautionary principle for wi-fi. 2007-202. http://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/radiation-risk-from-everyday-devices-assessed
- A Review of the Health Risks of Radiofrequency Radiation Employed in 5G Technology and the Implications for UK Policymaking. Professor Tom Butler, PhD. Cork University. https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10604943924787/Prof-Tom-Butler-Submission-on-5G-RFR-Final-27-05-2020-1.pdf
- 2020 Consensus Statement of UK and International Medical and Scientific Experts and Practitioners on Health Effects of Non-Ionising Radiation (NIR). Dr. Erica Mallery-Blythe. 2020. https://phiremedical.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-Non-Ionising-Radiation-Consensus-Statement.pdf
- Building Science and Radiofrequency Radiation: What makes smart and healthy buildings. (2019) Clegg F et al. Building and Environment. Open Access. Aug 6, 2019. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132319305347
- On the Clear Evidence of the Risks to Children from Non-Ionizing Radio Frequency Radiation: The Case of Digital Technologies in the Home, Classroom and Society. Professor Tom Bulter. University College Cork, Ireland. (2019) Web Link Here or Professor Tom Butler On the Clear Evidence of the Risks to Children from Non-Ionizing Radio Frequency Radiation- The Case of Digital Technologies in the Home, Classroom and Society
- The Invisible Rainbow: A History of Electricity and Life. Arthur Firstenberg . AGB Press. (2017).
- EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses. Abstract here EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 Full Paper here EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 Full Paper
- Report of the Standing Committee on Health,House of Commons in the Canadian Parliament (June 2015): Radiofrequency electromagnetic Radiation and the Health of Canadians. https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/41-2/HESA/report-13
- European Environmental Agency. Late Lessons from Early Warnings Part 2. . https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/late-lessons-2
- Electronic Silent Spring. Katie Singer. Portal Books. (2013)
- The 2011 European Parliament Resolution 1815: The potential dangers of electromagnetic fields and their effect on the environment. The goals listed include setting preventable thresholds for long term exposure, raising awareness throughout the community, and protecting “early warning” scientists. European Parliament 2011
- ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS FROM MOBILE PHONES: HEALTH EFFECT. RESOLUTION OF RUSSIAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON NON- IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION. April 2011, Moscow. Russian Committee on non-Ionizing radiatio 2011 report Children and Teens
- Report on Possible Impacts of Communication Towers on Wildlife Including Birds and Bees. Ministry of Environment and Forest. India. (2010) http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/content/341385/report-on-possible-impacts-of-communication-towers-on-wildlife-including-birds-and-bees/ Here is PDF of the Report on Possible Impacts of Communication Towers on Wildlife Including Birds and Bees. (2010) Ministry of the Environment and Forests (MOEF) India.
- Russian National Committee of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection – 2008 report: This sobering report discusses the need for exposure guidelines that protect children and the general population from chronic levels of radio frequency radiation. http://www.who.int/peh-emf/project/mapnatreps/RUSSIA%20report%202008.pdf
- Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and EMF RF standards. New conditions of EMF RF exposure and guarantee of the health to population. Prof. Yu. Grigoriev, Russian National Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, FMBA, Moscow, Russia. https://www.radiationresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/021235_grigoriev.pdf
- Radiation Risk from Everyday Devices Assessed. European Environment Agency. 2007
https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/radiation-risk-from-everyday-devices-assessed - Radiation exposure due to wireless Internet-Networks (WLAN). Lower House of the German Parliament [Bundestag] printed matter 16/6117. July 23, 2007. https://www.icems.eu/docs/deutscher_bundestag.pdf
- Mobile Phones and Health. Sir William Stewart. April 28, 2000.
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.602.5821&rep=rep1&type=pdf - Early Research on the Biological Effects of Microwave Radiation: 1940-1960. Cook et al. University of Michigan. Early research on the biological effects of microwave radiation- 1940–1960
- Environmental Pollution by Microwave Radiation: A Potential Threat to Human Health. (1973) Reviews Pathways of Microwave Radiation and Data Gaps. Department of Anatomy. Queen’s university, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. EMF – 1973 NRC Queens Report on Microwave Threat
Reviews on the Physics and Mechanisms of Electromagnetic Radiation
- Henshaw, D. The Radical Pair Mechanism(RPM): A schematic explanation related to the magnetic compass in animals. (2020) Henshaw April 2020 The Radical Pair Mechanism, RPM
- Henshaw D. Update on Non-Ionizing Radiation and Quantum Energy Fallacy. A Commentary. (2020) Henshaw Update 12-April-2020 Non-ionising radiation quantum energy fallacy V2
- Towards predicting intracellular radiofrequency radiation effects. (2019) Nielson C et al. PLOS One. March 14, 2019. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0213286
- On the magnetosensitivity of lipid peroxidation: two- versus three-radical dynamics. (2019) Sampson C et al. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. Issue 25, 2019. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/cp/c9cp01746a#!divAbstract
- International Perspective on Health Effects of Low Intensity Non-Ionizing Radiation.(2018) Thermal and non-thermal health effects of low intensity non-ionizing radiation: An international perspective. (2018) Belpomme D et al. Environ Pollut. 2018 Jul 6; 242(Pt A):643-658. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30025338
- Understanding physical mechanism of low-level microwave radiation effect. (2018) Hinrikus H. Int J Radiat Biol. 2018 Oct;94(10):877-882. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29775391https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29775391
- Oxidative mechanisms of biological activity of low-intensity radiofrequency radiation. (2016) Yakymenko I et al. Electromagn Biol Med. 2016;35(2):186-202. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26151230
- A Thermodynamic Perspective on the Interaction of Radio Frequency Radiation with Living Tissue. (2012) Peleg M. International Journal of Biophysics 2012, 2(1): 1-6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233051538_A_Thermodynamic_Perspective_on_the_Interaction_of_Radio_Frequency_Radiation_with_Living_Tissue
- Use of mobile phones and risk of brain tumours: update of Danish cohort study. Rapid Response: Mobile phone radiation could be detected by the human brain. (2011). Denis L Henshaw. BMJ. 23 October 2011. https://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/11/03/mobile-phone-radiation-could-be-detected-human-brain
- Free radical mechanism for the effects of environmental electromagnetic fields on biological systems. (1996) BROCKLEHURST2 and K. A. McLAUCHLAN. Int J Radiat Biol. 1996 Jan;69(1):3-24.B. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8601753
Reviews on Wildlife, Insect and Animal Effects
- EKLIPSE:The impacts of artificial Electromagnetic Radiation on wildlife (fora and fauna). Current knowledge overview: a background document to the web conference. A report of the EKLIPSE project. May 26, 2018. Knowledge and Learning Mechanism on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. European Union. http://www.eklipse-mechanism.eu/documents/15803/0/EMR-KnowledgeOverviewReport_FINAL_27042018.pdf/1326791c-f39f-453c-8115-0d1c9d0ec942 Eklipse Home Page– http://www.eklipse-mechanism.eu/news
- Comments on Environmental Impact of Radiofrequency Fields from Mobile Phone Base Stations. (2016) Panagopoulos D et al. Clinical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. April 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301680565_Comments_on_Environmental_Impact_of_Radiofrequency_Fields_from_Mobile_Phone_Base_Stations
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THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON HUMAN AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS. (2016) Ebrahim S et al. International Research Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. Vol. 3, Issue 10, October 2016. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309709601_THE_BIOLOGICAL_EFFECTS_OF_ELECTROMAGNETIC_FIELDS_ON_HUMAN_AND_EXPERIMENTAL_ANIMALS
- Anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as an emerging threat to wildlife orientation. (2015) Balmori A. Science of the Total Environment. Vol 518-519, 15 June, 2015. Pages 58-60. 68. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969715002296 or https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273121908_Anthropogenic_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_Fields_as_an_Emerging_Threat_to_Wildlife_Orientation
- Electrosmog and species conservation.(2014) Balmori A. Science of The Total Environment. Volume 496, 15 October 2014 , Pages 314-316. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969714010912
- Impacts of radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) from cell phone towers and wireless devices on biosystem and ecosystem—A review. (2013) Saravanamuttu S and Sudarsanam S. Biology and Medicine. 4(4):202-216. January 9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258521207_Impacts_of_radio-frequency_electromagnetic_field_RF-EMF_from_cell_phone_towers_and_wireless_devices_on_biosystem_and_ecosystem-A_review
- Electromagnetic Interaction Between Environmental Fields and Living Systems Determines Health and Wellbeing. (2013) Dimitris J. Panagopoulos. Electromagnetic Fields: Principles. Biophysical Effects. ©2013. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=41753f
- A review of the ecological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). (2012) Cucurachi S et al. Environment International. 51C:116-140. 2012. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233974663_A_review_of_the_ecological_effects_of_radiofrequency_electromagnetic_fields_RF-EMF
- Report on Cell Tower Radiation. Submitted to Secretary, DOT, Delhi, India.(2010) Kumar G. Electrical engineering Department. IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumai https://www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~mwave/GK-cell-tower-rad-report-DOT-Dec2010.pdf
- Biological effects from exposure to electromagnetic radiation emitted by cell tower base stations and other antenna arrays. (2010) Page 374- Biological Effects at Low intensity) Blake Levitt, Henry Lai. Environmental Reviews, 2010, 18(NA): 369-395. http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full/10.1139/A10-018#.WYUlOHeZNo4
- Report on Possible Impacts of Communication Cell Towers on Wildlife Including Birds and Bees. (2010) The Ministry of Environment and Forest. http://www.moef.nic.in/downloads/public-information/final_mobile_towers_report.pdf
Terrestrial Radiofrequency Levels: Natural versus Manmade
- Natural and Human-activity Generated Electromagnetic Fields on Earth. (2012). Alasdair Philips and Grahma Lamburn. http://bemri.org/publications/natural-electromagnetic-fields/427-natural-and-human-activity-generated-electromagnetic-fields-on-earth.html
- Natural and Man-Made Terrestrial Electromagnetic Noise: An Outlook. (2007) Cesidio Bianchi and Antonio Meloni. Annals of Geophysics. VOL. 50, N. 3, June 2007. https://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/3674/1/11bianchi.pdf
- The Electromagnetic Spectrum: A Critical Natural Resource. (1985) Christian A. Herter, Jr. Natural Resources Journal. Summer 1985. Symposium on Natural Resources Law. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2312&context=nrj
Animal and Insect Studies on Exposure Duration and Power Limits
- The effect of exposure duration on the biological activity of mobile telephony radiation. (2010) Panagapolous DJ et al. Mutat Res. 2010 Jun 17;699(1-2):17-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20399887
Human Exposures Scientific References: Ambient, Children, Skin
Ambient Environmental RF Exposures of Cell Towers, Wi Fi and Cell Phones
- Setting Guidelines for Electromagnetic Exposures and Research Needs. (2020) Barnes F et al. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020 Apr 20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32311139/
- Human EMF Exposure in Wearable Networks for Internet of Battlefield Things. (2019) Nasim and Kim. IEEE Military Communications Conference 2019. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9020889
- Real-world cell phone radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposures. (2019) Wall S et al. Environ Res. 2019 Apr;171:581-592. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448205
- High ambient radiofrequency radiation in Stockholm city, Sweden. (2019) Carlberg M et al. Oncology Letters. December 3, 2018. Pages: 1777-1783. https://www.spandidos-publications.com/ol/17/2/1777 “The total mean level was 5,494 µW/m2 (median 3,346; range 36.6‑205,155). The major contributions were down links from LTE 800 (4G), GSM + UMTS 900 (3G), GSM 1800 (2G), UMTS 2100 (3G) and LTE 2600 (4G). Regarding different places, the highest RF radiation was measured at the Hay Market with a mean level of 10,728 µW/m2 (median 8,578; range 335‑68,815). This is a square used for shopping, and both retailers and visitors may spend considerable time at this place. Also, the Sergel Plaza had high radiation with a mean of 7,768 µW/m2. All measurements exceeded the target level of 30‑60 µW/m2 based on non‑thermal (no heating) effects, according to the BioInitiative Report.”
- Radiofrequency radiation from nearby base stations gives high levels in an apartment in Stockholm, Sweden: A case report. (2018) Hardell L et al. Oncology Letters. March 16, 2018. https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2018.8285 “The total mean RF radiation level was 3,811 µW/m2 (range 15.2‑112,318 µW/m2) for the measurement of the whole apartment, including balconies…. Due to the current high RF radiation, the apartment is not suitable for long‑term living, particularly for children who may be more sensitive than adults.”
- Radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in everyday microenvironments in Europe: A systematic literature review. (2018) Sagar S et al. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2018 Mar;28(2):147-160. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28766560
- Spatial and temporal variability of personal environmental exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields in children in Europe. (2018) Birks LE. Environ Int. 2018 Aug;117:204-214. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29754001
- Assessment of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure From Personal Measurements Considering the Body Shadowing Effect in Korean Children and Parents. (2018) Choi J et al. Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 15;627:1544-1551. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30857115/
- Personal exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields in Europe: Is there a generation gap? (2018) Eeftens M et al. Environ Int. 2018 Dec;121(Pt 1):216-226. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30216774
- Personal Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields among Australian Adults. (2018) Zeleke BM et al. Int J Envirn Research Public Health. 2018 Oct; 15(10): 2234. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6211035/
- Radiofrequency-electromagnetic Field Exposures in Kindergarten Children. Bhatt CR et al. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiology. 2017 Sep;27(5):497-504. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27759027/
- High radiofrequency radiation at Stockholm Old Town: An exposimeter study including the Royal Castle, Supreme Court, three major squares and the Swedish Parliament. (2017) Hardell L et al. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017 Apr;6(4):462-476. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28413651
- Personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure measurements in Swiss adolescents. Roser K et al. Environ Int. 2017 Feb;99:303-314. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28038972
- Radiofrequency radiation at Stockholm Central Railway Station in Sweden and some medical aspects on public exposure to RF fields. (2016) Hardell L et al. International Journal of Oncology. August 12, 2016. Pages: 1315-1324. https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijo.2016.3657
- Use of portable exposimeters to monitor radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in the everyday environment. (2016) Sagar S et al. Environ Res.2016 Oct;150:289-298. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27336233
- Real Versus Simulated Mobile Phone Exposures in Experimental Studies. (2015) Panagopoulos DJ et al. Biomed REs Int. 2015;2015:607053. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26346766/
- Temporal trends of radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure in everyday environments across European cities. (2014) Urbinello D et al. Environmental Research,October 2014, Pages 134-142. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935114002254
- A suggested limit for population exposure to radiofrequency radiation. (1983) Cahill. Health Physics. 1983 Jul;45(1):109-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6347972
- [Technical possibilities of estimating the environmental exposure to electromagnetic fields for biomedical investigations based on cellular telephony systems]. (2010) Bienkowski P et al. Med Pr. 2010;61(2):233-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20509560
Children’s Exposures to RF
- Human EMF Exposure in Wearable Networks for Internet of Battlefield Things. (2019) Nasim and Kim. IEEE Military Communications Conference 2019. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9020889
- Spatial and temporal variability of personal environmental exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields in children in Europe. (2018) Birks LE. Environ Int. 2018 Aug;117:204-214. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29754001
- Assessment of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure From Personal Measurements Considering the Body Shadowing Effect in Korean Children and Parents. (2018) Choi J et al. Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 15;627:1544-1551. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30857115/
- Personal exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields in Europe: Is there a generation gap? (2018) Eeftens M et al. Environ Int. 2018 Dec;121(Pt 1):216-226. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30216774
- Radiofrequency-electromagnetic Field Exposures in Kindergarten Children. Bhatt CR et al. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiology. 2017 Sep;27(5):497-504. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27759027/
- Personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure measurements in Swiss adolescents. (2017) Roser K et al. Environ Int. 2017 Feb;99:303-314. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28038972
- Why children absorb more microwave radiation than adults: The consequences. (2014) Morgan LL, Kesari S, Davis DL. J Microscopy Ultrastructure 2. 2014;2:197–204. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213879X14000583
- Exposure limits: the underestimation of absorbed cell phone radiation, especially in children. (2012) Gandhi OP, Morgan LL, de Salles AA, Han Y-Y, Herberman RB, Davis DL. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. 2012;31(1):34–51. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21999884
- Potential health risks due to telecommunications radiofrequency radiation exposures in Lagos State Nigeria (2009). Aweda MA et al. Nig Q J Hosp Med. 2009 Jan-Mar;19(1):6-14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20830980
- Cell phone radiation: Evidence from ELF and RF studies supporting more inclusive risk identification and assessment (2009). *** Carl Blackman. Pathophysiology Journal. August 2009 Volume 16, Issues 2-3, Pages 205–216. https://www.pathophysiologyjournal.com/article/S0928-4680(09)00004-2/fulltext
- Health hazards of mobile phones: an Indian perspective (2008). J Assoc Physicians India. 2008 Nov;56:893-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19263689
Skin and Body Absorption
- SAR investigations on the exposure compliance of wearable wireless devices using infrared thermography. (2018) Karthik V and Rao TR. Bioelectromagnetics. . 2018 Sep;39(6):451-459. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29869805
- Personal radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure measurements in Swiss adolescents. (2017) Roser K et al. Environ Int. 2017 Feb;99:303-314. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28038972
- Thermal mapping on male genital and skin tissues of laptop thermal sources and electromagnetic interaction. (2017) Safari M et al. Bioelectromagnetics. 2017 Aug 11. doi: 10.1002/bem.22068. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28799651
- Polarization: A Key Difference Between Man-made and Natural Electromagnetic Fields, in Regard to Biological Activity. (2015) Panagopoulos DJ et al. Sci Rep. 2015 Oct 12;5:14914. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26456585/
- Simulation of PsSAR associated with the use of laptop computers as a function of position in relation to the adult body. (2015)
Racing SM et al. BIO EM Asilomar conference. Annual meeting of Bioelectromagnetic Society 2015. https://ehtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/BioEM2015-Poster-Laptop-psSAR.pdf
- Why children absorb more microwave radiation than adults: The consequences. (2014) Morgan LL, Kesari S, Davis DL. J Microscopy Ultrastructure 2. 2014;2:197–204. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213879X14000583
- Exposure limits: the underestimation of absorbed cell phone radiation, especially in children. (2012) Gandhi OP, Morgan LL, de Salles AA, Han Y-Y, Herberman RB, Davis DL. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. 2012;31(1):34–51. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21999884
- MRI-induced heating of selected thin wire metallic implants– laboratory and computational studies– findings and new questions raised. (2006) Bassen H et al. Minim Invasive There Allied Technol. 2006;15(2):76-84. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16754190
- Interaction of mobile phones with superficial passive metallic implants. (2005) Virtanen H et al. Pays Med Biol. 2005 Jun 7;50(11):2689-700. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15901963
Occupational Exposures
- Radio frequency radiation-related cancer: assessing causation in the occupational/military setting. (2018) Peleg M et al. Environ Res. 2018 May;163:123-133. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29433020
- Effects of electromagnetic fields on serum lipids in workers of a power plant. (2016) Wang Z et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Feb;23(3):2495-504. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26423285
- Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on plasma hormonal and inflammatory pathway biomarkers in male workers of a power plant. Wang Z1,2, Fei Y3,4, Liu H. et al.Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2016 Jan;89(1):33-42. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25808749
- Effect of occupational EMF exposure from radar at two different frequency bands on plasma melatonin and serotonin levels.(2015) Singh S1, Mani KV, Kapoor N.Int J Radiat Biol. 2015 May;91(5):426-34. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25565559
- Assessment of cytogenetic damage and oxidative stress in personnel occupationally exposed to the pulsed microwave radiation of marine radar equipment. Garaj-Vrhovac V et al. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2011 Jan;214(1):59-65. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20833106
- Assessment of DNA sensitivity in peripheral blood leukocytes after occupational exposure to microwave radiation: the alkaline comet assay and chromatid breakage assay. Garaj-Vrhovac V1, Orescanin V. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2009 Feb;25(1):33-43. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18214694
- The alkaline Comet assay as biomarker in assessment of DNA damage in medical personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Garaj-Vrhovac V1, Kopjar N. Mutagenesis. 2003 May;18(3):265-71. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714692
- Effects of exposure to very high frequency radiofrequency radiation on six antenna engineers in two separate incidents. Schilling CJ. Occup Med (Lond).2000 Jan;50(1):49-56. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10795393
- Effects of acute exposure to ultrahigh radiofrequency radiation on three antenna engineers. Schilling CJ. Occup Environ Med. 1997 Apr;54(4):281-4.
- Increased mortality in amateur radio operators due to lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies. (1988) Milham S. Am J Epidemiol. 1988 Jan;127(1):50-4.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3422125
Occupational Exposures in Hospitals and Medical Clinics
- Non-Ionizing Radiation in Swedish Health Care-Exposure and Safety Aspects. (2019) Hansson Mild K et al. Int J Environ REs Public Health. 2019 Apr 2;16(7). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30987016
- Evaluation of the electromagnetic field intensity in operating rooms and estimation of occupational exposures of personnel. (2018) Sept;10(3):121-126.Interv Med Appl Sci. 2018 Sep;10(3):121-126. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30713749
- Environmental impact of the use of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in physiotherapeutic treatment.(2014) Gryz K. Rocz Panstw Kakl Hig. 2014;65(1):55-61. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24964580
- [Patient exposure to electromagnetic fields in magnetic resonance scanners: a review]. (2013) Radiologia. 2013 Dec;55 Suppl 2:2-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24246885
- Assessment of physiotherapists’ occupational exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from shortwave and microwave diathermy devices: a literature review. (2013) Shah SG. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2013;10(6):312-27. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23570423
- [European Directive 2004/40/EC on workers’ exposure to electromagnetic fields from MRI]. (2009) Moratal D et al. Radiologia. 2009 Jan-Feb;51(1):30-7; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19303478
- Intensity of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields produced in operating rooms during surgery at the standing position of anesthesiologists. (2009) Roh JH et al. Anesthesiology. (2009) Aug;111(2):275-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19568164
- An evaluation of safety guidelines to restrict exposure to stray radiofrequency radiation from short-wave diathermy units. (2004) Shields N et al. Phys Med Biol. 004 Jul 7;49(13):2999-3015. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15285261
- How much are anesthesiologists exposed to electromagnetic fields in operating rooms? (2003) Lee JH et al. Yonsei Med J. 2003 Feb;44(1):133-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12619186
Shielding and Reducing Exposure to RFR
- Shielding methods and products against man-made Electromagnetic Fields: Protection versus risk. (2019) Panagopolous D. Science of the Total Environment. (2019) February 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331309945_Shielding_methods_and_products_against_man-made_Electromagnetic_Fields_Protection_versus_risk
- Building Science and Radiofrequency Radiation: What makes smart and healthy buildings. (2019) Clegg F et al. Building and Environment. Open Access. Aug 6, 2019. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132319305347
Electrosensitivity
- ES (Electrical Sensitivity) News that has many older governmental references and information 1996-1998. https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/1954790005.pdf. or ES Article Microwave Illness and older literature Lucinda Grant 1974
NGO Compilations
- CHEJ on Radiofrequency Radiation- http://chej.org/wp-content/uploads/Cell-Phone-Towers-PUB-129.pdf