Scientific Literature
Updated 2/24/2023
Sperm, Ovarian, Embryo Dysfunction
Accurate reproduction of our genetic material from one generation to the next assures the survival of the species. This is the most crucial process living organisms have to create healthy, behaviorally appropriate offspring. The nervous system, immune system and reproductive system evolved over time to create a complex interaction of molecular and electrical signaling that provides normal function and integration in an adult. We have understood for many decades the fragile nature of fetal and childhood development. It is well known that there are critical stages in human and animal development that make this early period vulnerable to harm. There are many junctions during development that can be adversely and permanently altered by toxic exposures. We are aware that these include ionizing radiation, some industrial and commercial chemicals and pesticides. We caution our patients to avoid these. Emerging research is revealing that non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation from wireless devices can also cause adverse biologic effects during reproduction, as is shown in the following scientific literature. This research is being reproduced and strengthened in different laboratories internationally.
A 2022 carefully performed systematic review of reproduction and RFR shows a relationship of higher levels of daily exposure to RFR from wireless devices to poor pregnancy outcomes. Reducing exposure to wireless devices in pregnant women is recommended.
Prenatal Neurologic Effects on Offspring
Prenatal effects on the nervous system of offspring have also been demonstrated in a number of studies. Yale professor Dr. Hugh Taylor published an important 2012 study in Nature Scientific Reports where pregnant mice were exposed to cell phone radiation by a phone on top of the cage in active or silent mode. Controls had the phones turned off. The researchers found that prenatal exposure to cell phone radiation was associated with ADHD and reduced memory capacity. The Yale press release states, “Dr. Taylor attributed the behavioral changes to an effect during pregnancy on the development of neurons in the prefrontal cortex region of the brain.” See also PST Behavior Memory and Learning effects of RFR for other studies on this topic.
- Fetal Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure From 800-1900 Mhz-Rated Cellular Telephones Affects Neurodevelopment and Behavior in Mice. (2013) Aldid, T.Nature. Scientific Reports 2, Article number: 312. Feb 18, 2013. http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120315/srep00312/full/srep00312.html
Categories of Research Articles are listed below in this order *Embryo Effects *Miscarriage *Ovarian Effects *Reproduction *Sperm Effects Review Articles *Sperm Effects
See also:
- Prenatal Effects: RF EMR Prenatal Effects
- Cellular Mechanisms-Oxidation: RF EMR Cellular Mechanisms-Oxidation
- Cellular Mechanisms-Calcium Channels: RF EMR Cellular Effects Calcium Channels
- Cellular Mechanisms-DNA and RNA: RF EMR Cellular Mechanisms DNA and RNA
- Blood Brain Barrier Effects: RF EMR Blood Brain Barrier Effects
- Nervous system Effects: RF EMR Nervous System Effects
Embryo Effects
- Effect of the Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation on Transcriptomic Profile of Pig Myometrium during the Peri-Implantation Period—An In Vitro Study . (2021) Drzewiecka EM et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/eea5/200daae11923a625b06bb986da18e81e28a2.pdf?_ga=2.46112292.1436301691.1630942774-1874635151.1628084139
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Morphometric evaluation of Japanese quail embryos and their extraembryonic vascular networks exposed to low-frequency magnetic field with two different intensities. (2020) Electromagn Biol Med. 2020 Sep 19;1-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32954862/
- Effects of Simulated Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Radiation on Fertilization and Embryo Development. (2017) Chen H. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2017 Apr; 36(2):123-129. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27983879
- Different periods of intrauterine exposure to electromagnetic field: Influence on female rats’ fertility, prenatal and postnatal development. (2016) Alchalabi AS. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction. Vol 5, Issue 1, March 2016. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2305050015000536
- Paternal influence of sperm DNA integrity on early embryonic development. (2014) Simon L et al. Hum Reprod. 2014 Nov: 29(11):2402-12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25205757https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25205757
- Fractal analysis of extra-embryonic vascularization in Japanese quail embryos exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. (2013) Costa EVL et al. Bioelectromagnetics. 2013 Feb;34(2):114-21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23060284/
- Effect of 935-MHz phone-simulating electromagnetic radiation on endometrial glandular cells during mouse embryo implantation. Liu W et al., J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2012 Oct;32(5):755-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23073809
- Cell death induced by GSM 900-MHz and DCS 1800-MHz mobile telephony radiation. (2007) Panagopoulos DJ, Chavdoula ED, Nezis IP, Margaritis LH. Mutat Res. 2007 Jan 10;626(1-2):69-78. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17045516
- Radiation-Induced Changes in the Prenatal Development of Mice. (1997) Magras I, Xenos T. RF Bioelectromagnetics 18:455-461, 1997. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9261543
Fetal Growth, Development and Birth Weight Effects
- Impacts of smartphone radiation on pregnancy: A systematic review. El Jarrah I et al. Heliyon.Vol8. Issue 2. FEb 1, 2022. https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(22)00203-1
- Mobile Phone Use During Pregnancy: Which Association With Fetal Growth? (2020) Boileau N et al. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2020 Jul 2;101852. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32623065/
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Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz) affects anti-oxidant capacity, DNA repair genes expression and, apoptosis in pregnant mouse placenta. (2020) Vafaei H et al. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2020 Jun;23(6):833-840.
- Maternal Cell Phone Use During Pregnancy Increased Preterm Births. (2019) Tsarna E et al. Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Jul 1;188(7):1270-1280.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30995291 - Associations of Maternal Cell-Phone Use During Pregnancy With Pregnancy Duration and Fetal Growth in 4 Birth Cohorts. (2019) American Journal of Epidemiology. Volume 188. Issue 7, July 2019. Pages 1270-1280. https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/188/7/1270/5474947
- Prenatal maternal cell phone use linked to lower child cognition at 5 years of age: 3 birth cohorts. (2018) Birks SM et al. Environ Int. 2018 Nov;120:155-162. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30096609
- Neurodevelopment for first 3 years following prenatal mobile phone use and lead exposure. (2017) Choi K. Environmental Research, 156:810-817, July 2017.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28511138 - Evaluation of factors affecting birth weight and preterm birth in southern Turkey. (2013) Col-Arazi N. J Pak Med Assoc. 2013 Apr;63(4):459-62. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23905441
- Fetal Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure From 800-1900 Mhz-Rated Cellular Telephones Affects Neurodevelopment and Behavior in Mice (2012). Aldad TS, Taylor H, et al. Sci Rep. 2012; 2: 312. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3306017/
Miscarriage
- Exposure to Magnetic Field Non-Ionizing Radiation and the Risk of Miscarriage: A Prospective Cohort Study. (2017) Li et al. Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 13;7(1):17541. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5727515/
- A population-based prospective cohort study of personal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. (2002) Li DK et al. Epidemiology. 2002 Jan;13(1):9-20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11805581
Ovarian Effects
- The impact of electromagnetic radiation (2.45 GHz, Wi-Fi) on the female reproductive system: The role of vitamin C. (2018) Saygin M et al. Tocicology and Industrial health. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0748233718775540
- Micronuclei Formation and 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine Enzyme Detection in Ovarian Tissues After Radiofrequency Exposure at 1800 MHz in Adult Sprague–Dawley Rats. (2017) Alchalabi AS et al. Hayati Journal of Biosciences. Vol 24, Issue 2, April 2017, Pages 79-86. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1978301917301754
- Effects of Simulated Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Radiation on Fertilization and Embryo Development. (2017) Chen H. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2017 Apr;36(2):123-129. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27983879
- Histopathological changes associated with oxidative stress induced by electromagnetic waves in rats’ ovarian and uterine tissues. (2016) Alchalabi AS et al. Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction. Vol 5, Issue 4, July 2016. Pg 301-310. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2305050016300422
- Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation during the oogenesis and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis. (2016) Boga A et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016 Mar 24;129:137-144. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27017260
- Disruption of the ovarian follicle reservoir of prepubertal rats following prenatal exposure to a continuous 900-MHz electromagnetic field. (2016) Türedi S . Int J Radiat Biol. 2016 Jun;92(6):329-37. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27007703
- The effects of electromagnetic fields on the number of ovarian primordial follicles: An experimental study. (2015) Bakacak M et al. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Science Vol 31, Issue 6, June 2015, Pages 287-292. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1607551X15000923
- Drosophila oogenesis as a bio-marker responding to EMF sources. (2014) Margaritas LH et al. Electromagnet Biol Med. 2014 Sep;33(3):165-89. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23915130
- Effect of Microwave Exposure on the Ovarian Development of Drosophila melanogaster. (2012) Panagopoulos DJ. Cell Biochem Biophys (2012) 63:121–132 . https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dimitris_Panagopoulos3/publication/221864020_Effect_of_Microwave_Exposure_on_the_Ovarian_Development_of_Drosophila_melanogaster/links/5b97c57f92851c4ba80e6cbc/Effect-of-Microwave-Exposure-on-the-Ovarian-Development-of-Drosophila-melanogaster.pdf
Placental and Cord Effects
- Comparison of effects of 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi and mobile phone exposure on human placenta and cord blood. (2020) Bektas H et al. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment. Jan 2020. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13102818.2020.1725639
Reproduction General
- Relationship between the Exposure to Magnetic Fields during Pregnancy and Risk of Abortion: A Review Article. (2020) INT J PEDIATRICS. Vol 8, August 2020. http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_16183.html
- Risk of congenital heart disease due to exposure to common electrical appliances during early pregnancy: a case-control study. (2020) Zhao D et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Sep 19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32949363/
- Association Between Maternal Exposure to Magnetic Field Nonionizing Radiation During Pregnancy and Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort (2020) Li DK et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e201417. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2763232?guestAccessKey=cda77a0a-bfb6-4f74-99e0-0bdd2909bdb2&utm_source=silverchair&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=article_alert-jamanetworkopen&utm_term=mostread&utm_content=olf-widget_03302020
- Role of Mitochondria in the Oxidative Stress Induced by Electromagnetic Fields: Focus on Reproductive Systems (2018) . Santini SJ et al. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018; 2018: 5076271. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6250044/
- Effect of radiofrequency radiation on reproductive health. (2018) Singh R et al.Indian Journal of Med Res. 2018 Dec; 148(Suppl 1): S92–S99. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6469375/
- The Effect of Electromagnetic Fields with the Mg2+ Cyclotron Frequency on
Mouse Reproductive Performance. (2016) Gerardi G et al.Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 2016, 8, 115-12. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/28aa/ff0c427d591b52e29bcf83c65ba5d8800486.pdf - Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on the reproductive system. (2012) Gye MC et al. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2012 Mar; 39(1): 1–9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3341445/
- A population-based prospective cohort study of personal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage (2000) .Li DK et al. Epidemiology. 2002 Jan;13(1):9-20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11805581/
- Epidemiological studies of radio-frequency radiation: current status and areas of concern. (1996) Goldsmith JR. Science of the Total Environment. Volume 180, Issue 1,2. February 1996 , Pages 3-8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048969795049142
Stem Cells
- Influence of Smartphone Wi-Fi Signals on Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. (2014) Lee SS et al. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 25(5). August 2014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264640384_Influence_of_Smartphone_Wi-Fi_Signals_on_Adipose-Derived_Stem_Cells
- Microwaves from Mobile Phones Inhibit 53BP1 Focus Formation in Human Stem Cells More Strongly Than in Differentiated Cells: Possible Mechanistic Link to Cancer Risk (2010) Markovà E et al.Environ Health Perspect 118:394-399. 2010. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2854769/
Sperm Effects Review Articles
- Adverse effects of Wi-Fi radiation on male reproductive system: A systematic review. (2019) Jaffar FHF et al. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2019;248(3): 169-179. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tjem/248/3/248_169/_html/-char/en
- Radiations and male fertility. (2018) Kesari KK et al. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018 Dec 9;16(1):118. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30445985
- EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATIONS ON THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Adah A et al. Anatomy Journal of Africa. 2018. Vol 7 (1): 1152 – 1161. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324587847_EFFECTS_OF_ELECTROMAGNETIC_RADIATIONS_ON_THE_MALE_REPRODUCTIVE_SYSTEM
- Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. (2017) Hagai Levine. 25 July 2017. https://academic.oup.com/humupd/article/doi/10.1093/humupd/dmx022/4035689/Temporal-trends-in-sperm-count-a-systematic-review
- Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2014) Adams JA, Galloway TS. Environ Int. 2014 Sep;70:106-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24927498
- Association between mobile phone use and semen quality: a systemic review and meta-analysis. (2014) Liu K. Andrology. 2014 Jul;2(4):491-501. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700791
- Effects of the exposure to mobile phones on male reproduction: a review of the literature. (2012) La Vignera S. J Androl. 2012 May-Jun;33(3):350-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21799142
Sperm Effects Published Articles
- The Role of Genetics and Oxidative Stress in the Etiology of Male Infertility-A Unifying Hypothesis? (2020) Aitken RJ and Baker MA. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Sep 30;11:581838. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33101214/
- Oxidative stress and male infertility: current knowledge of pathophysiology and role of antioxidant therapy in disease management. (2020) Barati E et al. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020 Jan;77(1):93-113. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31377843/
- Effect of low-frequency electric field screening on motility of human sperm. (2020) Górski R et al. Annals of Agriculture and Environmental Medicine. 3/2020 Vol 27. http://www.aaem.pl/Effect-of-Low-Frequency-Electric-Field-Screening-on-the-Motility-of-Human-Sperm,116019,0,2.html
- Oxidative stress-mediated alterations on sperm parameters in male Wistar rats exposed to 3G mobile phone radiation. (2019) Gautam R et al. Andrologia. 2019 Apr; 51(3):e13201. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30461041/
- Adverse effects of Wi-Fi radiation on male reproductive system: A systematic review. (2019) Jaffar FHF et al. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2019;248(3): 169-179. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tjem/248/3/248_169/_html/-char/en
- Impacts of electromagnetic radiation from cell phones and Wi Fi on spermatogenesis. (2019) Zha XD et al. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2019 May;25(5):451-455. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32216233/
- Quantitative changes in testicular structure and function in rat exposed to mobile phone radiation. (2017) Çetkin M. Andrologia. 2017 Jan 26. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28124386
- Inhibition by Egb761 of the effect of cellphone radiation on the male reproductive system. (2017) Gevrek F et al. Bratisi Lek Listy. 2017;118(11):676-683. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29216724/
- Mobile phones electromagnetic radiation and NAD+-dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase as a mitochondrial marker in Asthenozoospermia. (2016) Abeer M et al. Biochimie Open. July 25, 2016. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214008516300074
- Does prolonged radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi devices induce DNA damage in various tissues of rats? (2016) Akdag MZ. J Chem Neuroanat. 2016 Jan 8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=26775760
- Male fertility and its association with occupational and mobile phone towers hazards: An analytic study. (2016) Al-Quzwini. Middle East Fertility Society Journal. 2016 Apr 8. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110569016300127
- Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation during the oogenesis and spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis. (2016) Boga A et al. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016 Mar 24;129:137-144. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27017260
- The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on sperm function. (2016) Houston B et al. Reproduction. 2016 Sep 6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27601711
- Self-reported mobile phone use and semen parameters among men from a fertility clinic. (2016) Lewis RC, Mínguez-Alarcón L. Reprod Toxicol. 2016 Nov 9. pii: S0890-6238(16)30408-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27838386
- Effects of 1950 MHz W-CDMA-like signal on human spermatoza. (2016) Nakatani-Enomoto S et al. . Bioelectromagnetics. 11 Jun 2016. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bem.21985/abstract
- Radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz)-induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in testicular germ cells in swiss albino mice. (2016) Pandey N, Giri S, Das S, Upadhaya P. Toxicol Ind Health. 2016 Oct 13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27738269?dopt=Abstract
- Sperm DNA damage—the effect of stress and everyday life factors. (2016) International Journal of Impotence Research. Radwan, M et al. 14 April 2016. http://www.nature.com/ijir/journal/v28/n4/full/ijir201615a.html
- Proteomic impacts of electromagnetic fields on the male reproductive system. (2016) Sepehrimanesh, M., Davis, D.L. Comp Clin Pathol (2016). doi:10.1007/s00580-016-2342-x. Epub ahead of print: Oct 13, 2016. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00580-016-2342-x
- Effects of cell phone use on semen parameters: Results from the MARHCS cohort study in Chongqing, China. (2016) Zhang G et al. Environ Int. 2016 Mar 4;91:116-121. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26949865?dopt=Abstract
- Impact of Cellphone Radiation on Sexual Behavior and Serum Concentration of Testosterone and LH in Male Mice. (2016) Zang Z, Ji S, Huang S, Jiang M, Fang Y. Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine. 2016. 4(3):56-62. http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=69773
- The radioprotective effects of Moringa oleifera against mobile phone electromagnetic radiation-induced infertility in rats. (2015) Bin-Meferij MM, El-Kott AF. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 Aug 15;8(8):12487-97. eCollection 2015. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4612844/
- Effect of long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on testes functions. (2015) Dasdag S et al. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine. 2015a;2;34(1):37–42. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24460421
- The Effects of Melatonin on Oxidative Stress Parameters and DNA Fragmentation in Testicular Tissue of Rats Exposed to Microwave Radiation. (2015) Djordjevic et al. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2015 May-Jun;24(3):429-36. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26467130?dopt=Abstract
- Morinda Officinalis How improves cellphone radiation-induced abnormality of LH and LHR in male rats. (2015) Article in Chinese. Li R et al. 2015 Sep;21(9):824-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26552217
- Electromagnetic radiation at 900 MHz induces sperm apoptosis through bcl-2, bax and caspase-3 signaling pathways in rats. (2015) Liu Q, Si T Reprod Health. 2015; 12:65. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26239320
- [Protective effect of Liuweidihuang Pills against cellphone electromagnetic radiation-induced histomorphological abnormality, oxidative injury, and cell apoptosis in rat testes]. Ma HR et al. 2015 Aug;21(8):737-41. [Article in Chinese]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=26442304
- Exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for 1 hour a day over 30 days does change the histopathology and biochemistry of the rat testis. (2015) Odacı E. Int J Radiat Biol. 2015 Jul;91(7):547-54. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25786704
- Effects of prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field on 60-day-old rat testis and epididymal sperm quality. (2015) Odacı E. Biotech Histochem. 2015 Oct 15:1-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472053
- Exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field for 1 hour a day over 30 days does change the histopathology and biochemistry of the rat testis. (2015) Odacı E. Int J Radiat Biol. 2015 May 20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25786704
- Effects of Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) Exposure on Apoptosis, Sperm Parameters and Testicular Histomorphometry in Rats: A Time Course Study.(2015) Saeed Shokri et al Cell J. 2015 Summer; 17(2): 322–331. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4503846/
- Impact of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the testicular inflammatory pathway biomarkers in young rats: The role of gallic acid. (2015) Saygin M et al. Environ Toxicol. 2015 Aug 13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26268881?dopt=Abstract
- Effects of Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) Exposure on Apoptosis, Sperm Parameters and Testicular Histomorphometry in Rats: A Time Course Study. (2015) Shokri et al. Cell J. 2015 Summer;17(2): 322-31. Epub 2015 Jul 11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4503846/
- Effects of electromagnetic fields exposure on plasma hormonal and inflammatory pathway biomarkers in male workers of a power plant. (2015) Wang Z et al. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2015 Mar 26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25808749
- What is harmful for male fertility, cell phone or the wireless internet? (2015) Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences. Yildirim et al. Published online Jul 26, 2015. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26362961
- [Impact of mobile phone radiation on the quality and DNA methylation of human sperm in vitro]. (2015) [Article in Chinese]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue et al. 2015 Jun;21(6):515-520. http://1.usa.gov/1OTD4tG https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26242041?dopt=Abstract
- Habits of cell phone usage and sperm quality – does it warrant attention? (2015) Zilberlicht et al. . Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 31(3):421-426. September 2015. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=26206279
- Long-term effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from mobile phone on testicular tissue and epididymal semen quality. (2014) Tas M et al. Electromagn Biol Med. 2014 Sep;33(3):216-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23781998
- The protective effect of autophagy on mouse spermatocyte derived cells exposure to 1800MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. (2014) Liu K. Toxicol Lett. 2014 Aug 4;228(3):216-24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24813634
- Immunohistopathologic demonstration of deleterious effects on growing rat testes of radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices. (2013) Atasoy HI et al. J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Apr;9(2):223-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22465825
- The prophylactic effect of vitamin C on induced oxidative stress in rat testis following exposure to 900 MHz radio frequency wave generated by a BTS antenna model. (2013) Jelodar G et al. Electromagn Biol Med. 2013 Sep;32(3):409-16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23323690
- Biophysical evaluation of radiofrequency electromagnetic field effects on male reproductive pattern. (2013) Kesari KK et al. J Cell Biochem Biophys. 2013 Mar;65(2):85-96. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22926544
- Exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation induces oxidative DNA base damage in a mouse spermatocyte-derived cell line. (2013) Liu C et al. Toxicol Lett. 2013 Mar 27;218(1):2-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23333639
- Mobile phone radiation induces mode-dependent DNA damage in a mouse spermatocyte-derived cell line: a protective role of melatonin. (2013). Lui C et al. Int J Radiat Biol. 2013 Nov;89(11):993-1001 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23952262
- Male reproductive health under threat: Short term exposure to radiofrequency radiations emitted by common mobile jammers. (2013) Mortazavi SMJ. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2013 Apr-Jun; 6(2): 124–128. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778601/
- Recent reports of Wi-Fi and mobile phone-induced radiation on oxidative stress and reproductive signaling pathways in females and males. (2013) Nazıroğlu M J Membr Biol. 2013 Dec;246(12):869-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24105626
- The semen quality of the mobile phone users.(2013)
- Oxidative stress induced by 1.8 GHz radio frequency electromagnetic radiation and effects of garlic extract in rats. (2012) Avci B et al. Int J Radiat Biol. 2012 Nov;88(11):799-805. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22788526
- Evidence for mobile phone radiation exposure effects on reproductive pattern of male rats: role of ROS. Kesari KK and Behari J. Electromagn Biol Med. 2012 Sep;31(3):213-22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22897402
- Cell phones and male infertility: a review of recent innovations in technology and consequences. Agarwal A et al. Int Braz J Urol. 2011; 37(4):432-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21888695
- Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic wave exposure from cellular phones on the reproductive pattern in male Wistar rats. (2011) Kesari KK et al. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2011 Jun;164(4):546-59. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21240569
- Adolescent in-school cellphone habits: A census of rules, survey of their effectiveness, and fertility implications. Reproductive Toxicology. (2011) Redmayne et al. Volume 32, Issue 3 react-text: 70 , /react-text react-text: 71 November 2011 /react-text react-text: 72 , Pages 354-359. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890623811003546
- Microwave exposure affecting reproductive system in male rats. (2010) Kesari KK, Behari J. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2010 Sep;162(2):416-28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19768389
- Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen: an in vitro pilot study. (2009) Agarwal A. Fertil Steril. 2009 Oct;92(4):1318-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18804757
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